Guide duck farming techniques specializing in commercial meat
Guide duck farming techniques specializing in commercial meat
With the great potential for development of duck breeding , in recent years, our country has researched and selected specialized meat duck lines with an average egg yield of 240-255 eggs/hen / After 50 weeks of calving , growers raised for up to 4 9 days reached 3.2-3.8 kg/head, higher than that of previous meat duck breeds such as Super Duck . M2, shortening the rearing time to 15-20%, reducing feed consumption/kg meat from 0.3-0.5kg .I. Introduction of some duck breeds specializing in meat and how to choose breeds
1. The taste of SH
Age of slaughter: 56 days old
Survival rate: 97.5-98.0%
Body weight: 3.7- 3.8 kg/head
Feed consumption/kg weight: 2.5-2.6 kg
2. SD commercial location
Age of slaughter: 56 days old
Survival rate: 97- 98.5%
Body weight: 3.5-3.7 kg/head
Feed consumption/kg weight: 2.7-2.8 kg
1 day old SD commercial duck
* How to choose ducks
- Seeds must ensure disease safety, have clear origins from reputable establishments, have quarantine certificates when exporting.
- Choose healthy, agile ducklings. Fluffy feathers, bright eyes, compact belly, fat legs, sturdy, steady gait, with the characteristic fluff color of the breed. The ducklings should be brought into the cage 24 hours before hatching.
II. Prepare cages and equipment for raising ducks
1. The barn
The cage must be suitable for each stage of the duck's development.
Should choose a high place, cool in the summer, warm in the winter and avoid drafts to build the barn. The duck house needs a good drainage system. Surfaces of walls, ceilings and floors are made of brick, concrete, with flat cement screed. The barn floor has a slope of 7 - 10 0 to facilitate cleaning and disinfection. Each barn should have a porch of 1-1.5m wide to avoid rain, sun and wind. The roof is covered with corrugated iron, tile or local materials, it should have a slope of about 30 0 or more so that rainwater can drain well and avoid leaking.
Construction of cages must be fully equipped with lighting, ventilation and conditions for cleaning and preventing epidemics and biosecurity.
Depending on the size and financial resources, farmers can choose to invest in building a solid or simple barn system that is suitable for raising ducks specializing in meat at different age stages.
The most common and suitable type of duck house is the open cage system (this is the type of cage that does not build a seal around the cage). The duck house has a cage frame, brick walls or can use materials such as bamboo, wood, corrugated iron roof or tile, leaves to make the cage.
It is necessary to have a playground area equal to 1.5-2 times the area of the barn floor, can be filled with sand or tiled, with a slope to prevent water from stagnation. There may be ditches, clean ponds and lakes, building artificial tanks or troughs with a depth of 20-25cm with the size depending on the number of ducks, changing the water daily so that the water is always clean for the ducks to bathe.
a) Duckling cages
Make sure there are no direct drafts of the ducklings, especially during the first week of life.
A floor barn with a height of 1.0-1.2 m can be used.
The size of the cage depends on the number of ducks, usually 6m wide, 20m long, can brood for 1,500 - 2,000 ducks in the first 2 weeks.
The wall is built 1m high with bricks, the top uses a B40 mesh frame to create ventilation. The frame can be used to cover at night, open during the day to create ventilation to help the floor of the barn dry. A simple investment barn can use pressed cork, bamboo mulch to cover instead of brick walls.
Playgrounds must be at least the same size as the cages.
b) Duck cages
The size of the cage is usually 9-12m wide, the length depends on the number of ducks, but must ensure a maximum density of 4-5 birds/m2 of floor space .
The wall is built on three sides with a height of 0.5m made of bricks, the top uses a B40 mesh frame to create ventilation. The front part of the yard is not built to allow ducks to move freely. A simple investment barn can use pressed cork, bamboo mulch to cover instead of brick walls.
The best barn floor is concrete or tiled with a slope of 7 - 10 0 to facilitate cleaning, disinfection, etc., or use sand with a thickness of 15 cm or more because the sand has the advantage of absorbing water. good for dry background.
Playground area should be at least 1.5-2 times the area of the barn. If the ground playground is in the form of a garden with green trees, the yard area needs to be larger.
2. Duck raising equipment
a) Curtains
Use tarpaulin, pressed cotton or mulch to cover around the cage to keep heat, avoid drafts and rainstorms (especially during the duckling stage).
b) Feeder
Use a corrugated iron feeder with dimensions of 70 x 50 x 2.5 cm, used for 70-100 animals/trough. From the 3rd week of age onwards, feed the ducks with a corrugated iron trough measuring 70 x 50 x 5cm or a rectangular plastic trough.
c) Drinking troughs
Stage 1-2 weeks old: use round drinking trough type 2 liters.
Stage 3-8 weeks old: use round drinking trough type 5 liters, used for 30-40 animals/trough.
Rectangular plastic troughs, corrugated iron troughs, crockery pots, plastic pots of sizes suitable for the age of ducks can be used.
d) Photographing the teacher in
A heater or electric bulb can be used to ensure sufficient heat for the ducklings. Use electric bulb 75W/1 crank (60-70 ducks). Winter 2 balls/1 crank.
e) Duck Claws
Using crank, height 0.4-0.5m, length 4- 4.5m; used for 60-70 fish/cage, from the 7th day gradually increase the corral area. From the end of the second week, remove the coop to allow the ducks to exercise and eat comfortably.
III. Density
Depending on the breeding conditions, the specific season and the climate, it is possible to decide the area of the cage and the appropriate density for the ducks to grow and develop well, and to limit the spread of diseases.
Ducks 0-2 weeks old: 22 ducks/m 2 floor
Ducks 2-3 weeks old: 12 birds/m 2 floor
Ducks 4-6 weeks old: 6-8 ducks/m 2 floor
Ducks 7-8 weeks old: 4-5 ducks/m 2 floor
IV. Temperature, humidity and lighting
1. Temperature, humidity
For young poultry, especially for ducklings, temperature plays a decisive role in the growth and development of the early stages. If the temperature is lacking, ducks will be stunted, very susceptible to diseases and die at a high rate. The ability to regulate body temperature of ducklings in the early stages is not complete, their resistance is poor, they are susceptible to diseases and are heavily influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, the temperature must ensure that the ducklings are warm enough. Breeders can base on the expression status of ducks to adjust the heating cap for ducks. When there is a lack of heat, ducks gather near the heat source and overlap. If there is too much heat, the ducks will be far away from the heat source and become thirsty for water. When ducks are pushed to one side, it is due to drafts. In case of excess, lack of heat and drafts, ducks cry a lot, it is necessary to observe the eating, walking and standing status of ducklings. If you see any droopy duckling, you need to isolate it immediately for monitoring.
Temperature requirements in brooding pens: 1-3 days old: 32 - 34 0 C; 4-7 days old: 28-30 0 C; 8-14 days old: 26-28 0 C.
Humidity: The suitable humidity for rearing ducks is in the range of 60 - 65%. If the litter is checked, it should be changed immediately.
Ventilation: In the first week, the duckling's emissions are not significant, so the level of air exchange is low. From the second week onwards, the ventilation level needs to be met: 1m 3 of air/hour/1kg of body weight. Suffocating environmental conditions can lead to disease, especially pulmonary fungal disease. Breeding cages always ensure good ventilation, but must avoid drafts.
2. Light
Lighting time in the first 2 weeks: 23-24 hours/day, using electric bulbs to hang 0.3-0.5m from the floor of the barn. Then every day reduce 01 hour of light until it reaches 14-15 hours/day. From the 5th week onwards use natural light.
3. Lighting mode
In the first week, the number of lighting hours is 23-24 hours/day, the following weeks reduce lighting hours and light intensity. If using artificial light, use dim light enough for ducks to find feeders, drinkers, ducks with little exercise will absorb a lot of food, helping to increase weight quickly.
V. Food and feeding method
2. Feeding method
Purpose: to help ducks grow fast, the amount of food must ensure to satisfy the needs of ducks.
In order for ducks to eat a lot, good feed conversion efficiency needs to be fed according to the meal plan, when the new feed is over, the new, fragrant food will stimulate the duck to eat more.
Attention: Make sure the food quality is good, not contaminated with mold.
Stage 1-4 weeks old: rearing and brooding the ducklings for reproduction.
After 4 weeks of age can be combined with grazing. Can use locally available foods
From 1 day old to slaughter for free feeding ducks, eat as much as possible.
BECAUSE. Drinking water and methods for tumours
It is necessary to give the ducks clean water to drink. In the first 7 days, use a 2-liter drinking trough, then use a 5-liter trough.
Raising ducks for free feeding should also provide a lot of water (usually 2 times the amount of food), so from the first 5 weeks to slaughter, it can be given to drink by troughs built outside the playground, or troughs. rectangular plastic. Drinking troughs must be easy to clean and sanitize, ducks can drink but cannot bathe.
* How to choose ducks
- Seeds must ensure disease safety, have clear origins from reputable establishments, have quarantine certificates when exporting.
- Choose healthy, agile ducklings. Fluffy feathers, bright eyes, compact belly, fat legs, sturdy, steady gait, with the characteristic fluff color of the breed. The ducklings should be brought into the cage 24 hours before hatching.
II. Prepare cages and equipment for raising ducks
1. The barn
The cage must be suitable for each stage of the duck's development.
Should choose a high place, cool in the summer, warm in the winter and avoid drafts to build the barn. The duck house needs a good drainage system. Surfaces of walls, ceilings and floors are made of brick, concrete, with flat cement screed. The barn floor has a slope of 7 - 10 0 to facilitate cleaning and disinfection. Each barn should have a porch of 1-1.5m wide to avoid rain, sun and wind. The roof is covered with corrugated iron, tile or local materials, it should have a slope of about 30 0 or more so that rainwater can drain well and avoid leaking.
Construction of cages must be fully equipped with lighting, ventilation and conditions for cleaning and preventing epidemics and biosecurity.
Depending on the size and financial resources, farmers can choose to invest in building a solid or simple barn system that is suitable for raising ducks specializing in meat at different age stages.
The most common and suitable type of duck house is the open cage system (this is the type of cage that does not build a seal around the cage). The duck house has a cage frame, brick walls or can use materials such as bamboo, wood, corrugated iron roof or tile, leaves to make the cage.
It is necessary to have a playground area equal to 1.5-2 times the area of the barn floor, can be filled with sand or tiled, with a slope to prevent water from stagnation. There may be ditches, clean ponds and lakes, building artificial tanks or troughs with a depth of 20-25cm with the size depending on the number of ducks, changing the water daily so that the water is always clean for the ducks to bathe.
a) Duckling cages
Make sure there are no direct drafts of the ducklings, especially during the first week of life.
A floor barn with a height of 1.0-1.2 m can be used.
The size of the cage depends on the number of ducks, usually 6m wide, 20m long, can brood for 1,500 - 2,000 ducks in the first 2 weeks.
The wall is built 1m high with bricks, the top uses a B40 mesh frame to create ventilation. The frame can be used to cover at night, open during the day to create ventilation to help the floor of the barn dry. A simple investment barn can use pressed cork, bamboo mulch to cover instead of brick walls.
Playgrounds must be at least the same size as the cages.
b) Duck cages
The size of the cage is usually 9-12m wide, the length depends on the number of ducks, but must ensure a maximum density of 4-5 birds/m2 of floor space .
The wall is built on three sides with a height of 0.5m made of bricks, the top uses a B40 mesh frame to create ventilation. The front part of the yard is not built to allow ducks to move freely. A simple investment barn can use pressed cork, bamboo mulch to cover instead of brick walls.
The best barn floor is concrete or tiled with a slope of 7 - 10 0 to facilitate cleaning, disinfection, etc., or use sand with a thickness of 15 cm or more because the sand has the advantage of absorbing water. good for dry background.
Playground area should be at least 1.5-2 times the area of the barn. If the ground playground is in the form of a garden with green trees, the yard area needs to be larger.
2. Duck raising equipment
a) Curtains
Use tarpaulin, pressed cotton or mulch to cover around the cage to keep heat, avoid drafts and rainstorms (especially during the duckling stage).
b) Feeder
Use a corrugated iron feeder with dimensions of 70 x 50 x 2.5 cm, used for 70-100 animals/trough. From the 3rd week of age onwards, feed the ducks with a corrugated iron trough measuring 70 x 50 x 5cm or a rectangular plastic trough.
c) Drinking troughs
Stage 1-2 weeks old: use round drinking trough type 2 liters.
Stage 3-8 weeks old: use round drinking trough type 5 liters, used for 30-40 animals/trough.
Rectangular plastic troughs, corrugated iron troughs, crockery pots, plastic pots of sizes suitable for the age of ducks can be used.
d) Photographing the teacher in
A heater or electric bulb can be used to ensure sufficient heat for the ducklings. Use electric bulb 75W/1 crank (60-70 ducks). Winter 2 balls/1 crank.
e) Duck Claws
Using crank, height 0.4-0.5m, length 4- 4.5m; used for 60-70 fish/cage, from the 7th day gradually increase the corral area. From the end of the second week, remove the coop to allow the ducks to exercise and eat comfortably.
III. Density
Depending on the breeding conditions, the specific season and the climate, it is possible to decide the area of the cage and the appropriate density for the ducks to grow and develop well, and to limit the spread of diseases.
Ducks 0-2 weeks old: 22 ducks/m 2 floor
Ducks 2-3 weeks old: 12 birds/m 2 floor
Ducks 4-6 weeks old: 6-8 ducks/m 2 floor
Ducks 7-8 weeks old: 4-5 ducks/m 2 floor
IV. Temperature, humidity and lighting
1. Temperature, humidity
For young poultry, especially for ducklings, temperature plays a decisive role in the growth and development of the early stages. If the temperature is lacking, ducks will be stunted, very susceptible to diseases and die at a high rate. The ability to regulate body temperature of ducklings in the early stages is not complete, their resistance is poor, they are susceptible to diseases and are heavily influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, the temperature must ensure that the ducklings are warm enough. Breeders can base on the expression status of ducks to adjust the heating cap for ducks. When there is a lack of heat, ducks gather near the heat source and overlap. If there is too much heat, the ducks will be far away from the heat source and become thirsty for water. When ducks are pushed to one side, it is due to drafts. In case of excess, lack of heat and drafts, ducks cry a lot, it is necessary to observe the eating, walking and standing status of ducklings. If you see any droopy duckling, you need to isolate it immediately for monitoring.
Temperature requirements in brooding pens: 1-3 days old: 32 - 34 0 C; 4-7 days old: 28-30 0 C; 8-14 days old: 26-28 0 C.
Humidity: The suitable humidity for rearing ducks is in the range of 60 - 65%. If the litter is checked, it should be changed immediately.
Ventilation: In the first week, the duckling's emissions are not significant, so the level of air exchange is low. From the second week onwards, the ventilation level needs to be met: 1m 3 of air/hour/1kg of body weight. Suffocating environmental conditions can lead to disease, especially pulmonary fungal disease. Breeding cages always ensure good ventilation, but must avoid drafts.
2. Light
Lighting time in the first 2 weeks: 23-24 hours/day, using electric bulbs to hang 0.3-0.5m from the floor of the barn. Then every day reduce 01 hour of light until it reaches 14-15 hours/day. From the 5th week onwards use natural light.
3. Lighting mode
In the first week, the number of lighting hours is 23-24 hours/day, the following weeks reduce lighting hours and light intensity. If using artificial light, use dim light enough for ducks to find feeders, drinkers, ducks with little exercise will absorb a lot of food, helping to increase weight quickly.
V. Food and feeding method
2. Feeding method
Purpose: to help ducks grow fast, the amount of food must ensure to satisfy the needs of ducks.
In order for ducks to eat a lot, good feed conversion efficiency needs to be fed according to the meal plan, when the new feed is over, the new, fragrant food will stimulate the duck to eat more.
Attention: Make sure the food quality is good, not contaminated with mold.
Stage 1-4 weeks old: rearing and brooding the ducklings for reproduction.
After 4 weeks of age can be combined with grazing. Can use locally available foods
From 1 day old to slaughter for free feeding ducks, eat as much as possible.
BECAUSE. Drinking water and methods for tumours
It is necessary to give the ducks clean water to drink. In the first 7 days, use a 2-liter drinking trough, then use a 5-liter trough.
Raising ducks for free feeding should also provide a lot of water (usually 2 times the amount of food), so from the first 5 weeks to slaughter, it can be given to drink by troughs built outside the playground, or troughs. rectangular plastic. Drinking troughs must be easy to clean and sanitize, ducks can drink but cannot bathe.
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The following points should be kept in mind when administering vaccines:
Only use vaccines when ducks are healthy
Multivitamins or electrolytes should be added to ducks during the vaccination period.
Use sterilized syringe or dropper (boil 5-10 minutes)
Use the correct dose, store the vaccine according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The vaccine vial after use must be boiled for 30 minutes, then it can be buried or left in a designated place
The person giving the vaccine must have adequate protective equipment.
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